Tag: san francisco general hospital

Donald Dean Trunkey JUNE 23, 1955 ~ MAY 1, 2019 (AGE 63) by English Funeral Chapel

Donald Dean Trunkey, M.D., 81

Donald Dean Trunkey passed away peacefully with his loved ones by his side on May 1, 2019, in Post Falls, Idaho. He was born on June 23, 1937, in Oakesdale, Wash., to John Douglas and Rebecca Nelson Trunkey. The family moved to St. John, Wash., where Don grew up and graduated from St. John High School in 1955 as valedictorian. He attended what was then Washington State College and received a degree in zoology, which made him the last person to have graduated from WSC before it officially became Washington State University. He was a member of Alpha Tau Omega.

Don and Jane Trunkey were married in Colfax, Wash., on Sept. 26, 1958. After graduation, Don went on to the University of Washington, where he received his doctorate of medicine degree. He did a rotating internship in Portland, Ore., at Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU).

Don later served within the U.S. Army with the 4th Armored Division 2nd Calvary, in Bamberg, Germany, in the dispensary for two years. While there, their son, Robert Derek was born in Nuremberg, Germany; followed four years later by their daughter, Kristina “Kristi” Jo, born in San Francisco, Calif.

Don had a stellar career as a trauma surgeon — first through his residency in San Francisco, then becoming chairman of surgery at San Francisco General Hospital. Also a professor emeritus of surgery at the Oregon Health Science University, Don was presented the WSU Alumni Association’s Alumni Achievement Award in recognition of his influential career and contributions to medical education, surgical methods and trauma care.

While in Portland, he also served as the head of the 50th General Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia within Desert Storm.

Don often volunteered in Landstuhl, Germany. While there, Col. Trunkey and Col. Daniel Cavanaugh flew Lieutenant General John. J. Yeosock to Germany for an operation. When they returned a few days later, Lt. General John J. Yeosock began the ground war. The order was given by Gen. Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr. Commander-in-Chief. Col. Trunkey was given a Bronze Star for his service.

Don is survived by his wife, Jane Mary Trunkey; son, R. Derek (Kristen Hammond) Trunkey and daughter, Kristi Trunkey. He is also survived by his sister, Sandie Trunkey and his grandchildren, Ethan, Nathan, Mason, Hayden, Hayley and Harrison. Don was preceded in death by his parents and his brothers, Jay, Gary, David Roger and K.B.

A memorial service for Don will be held at a later date.

In lieu of donations, please send to Trunkey Family Scholarship, S.J.E. School Foundation. PO Box 411, St. John, WA. 99171 or the St. John Heritage Museum, PO Box 315, St. John, WA 91711.

The family also asks for donations to be made in honor of Don to the College of Arts and Sciences Scholarship Fund or the College of Education Scholarship Fund at Washington State University, located at: https://foundation.wsu.edu/give/. Checks should be made payable to the Washington State University Foundation and mailed to the Washington State University Foundation at PO Box 641925, Pullman, WA 99164-1925. Please designate on the check ”in honor of Don Trunkey, College of Arts and Sciences Scholarship Fund” OR ”the College of Education Scholarship Fund.”

Dr. Donald D. Trunkey, Renowned Trauma Surgeon and Former Chief of Surgery at SFGH, Passes Away at 81 from UCSF

Donald Trunkey In The OR
Trunkey -Donald -10-January -2008

The Department of Surgery is deeply saddened to announce the passing of our friend and colleague, Dr. Donald D. Trunkey who died on Wednesday at the age of 81. Dr. Trunkey was an internationally renowned trauma surgeon and is considered the father of modern trauma systems. He served as Chief of Surgery at San Francisco General Hospital from 1978 until 1986. He was then appointed Professor and Chair of the Department of Surgery at the OHSU School of Medicine, a position he held until 2001. 

Following a first-year internship at the University of Oregon School of Medicine and a two-year stint in Germany as a general medical officer in the U.S. Army, Dr. Trunkey completed his general surgery training at UCSF in 1971. Dr. Trunkey returned to UCSF a year later after an NIH fellowship as a member of the faculty, pursuing a career in trauma surgery. He served as Chief of the Burn Center at San Francisco General and established a laboratory to study mechanisms of shock at the cellular level. Dr. Trunkey was a founding member of the Homeland Security Department as well as the National Foundation for Trauma Care. He served as Chair of The American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma and helped establish the Advanced Trauma Life Support Course. His dedication is to the field is captured in Dr. Trunkey: An Advocate for Injured Patients, a Legend in Trauma Care. 

Dr. Trunkey was a towering figure on the Trauma Service at San Francisco General. His yeoman service, innovation and leadership at the General was memorialized by Dr. William Schechter, Professor Emeritus at UCSF, in The History of The Surgical Service at San Francisco General Hospital, “The Trunkey Years, 1978-1986”.  

Dr. Trunkey served in the first Gulf War in 1991, stationed in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia during Operation Desert Storm and Desert Shield. His commentary in the March 1993 edition of Archives of Surgery, “Lessons Learned,” served as a model for how U.S. Department of Defense trauma personnel are trained today.

Dr. Peggy Knudson, one of Dr. Trunkey’s protégés, currently Professor of Surgery at UCSF and Medical Director for the Military Health System (MHS) Strategic-ACS Partnership, recalled his outsized influence on her career: 

“Dr. Donald Trunkey was a father figure to me in my professional life. He encouraged me to dedicate my career to the care of the injured back in the day when trauma surgery as a discipline was still in its infancy. I had the great privilege of traveling and teaching with him across Australia and again in Germany where he worked tirelessly to assure the highest care possible for injured American troops. Trunkey as a figure was larger than life and the news of his passing has saddened the trauma community around the world.” 

Dr. Trunkey’s presence will be sorely missed. The Department’s heartfelt condolences go out to his family, friends, and colleagues. 

https://surgery.ucsf.edu/news–events/ucsf-news/81384/Dr.-Donald-D.-Trunkey–Renowned-Trauma-Surgeon-and-Former-Chief-of-Surgery-at-SFGH–Passes-Away-at-81

Don Trunkey 1937–2019 from Injury Journal

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Nothing lasts forever. However, for most of us, Don Trunkey was the innovator of modern trauma care and it’s hard to imagine a world which he is not part of. As Ralph Waldo Emerson stated it is not length of life, but depth of life that matters. Indeed, his talent, passion for improvement, and vision to look into the future were unique and his contributions to the evolution of trauma care have been priceless.

Donald D Trunkey FACS, was born in Eastern Washington and went to medical school at University of Washington. He served in the US Army in the mid 60 s in Germany and completed his surgical training in San Francisco. It was from San Francisco that his seminal “Two Counties” [1] paper was published where he convincingly showed that where a trauma system existed the mortality was substantially lower than where it did not. It was this paper, more than any other in the contemporary literature which led to the drive to systematise trauma care around the world.

Another of Don’s seminal papers was that on the trimodal pattern of death after injury which was published in Scientific American in 1983 [2]. In that paper he outlined that death after trauma was either immediate, usually as a result of catastrophic brain or torso injury, in hours as a result of uncontrollable haemorrhage, or in 2–3 weeks as a result on multiple organ dysfunction itself, a long term consequence of poor initial control of haemorrhage. While true in 1983, the trimodal pattern of death no longer exists because, through the efforts of Don and other trauma surgeons, effective early trauma care, particularly consequent on near-universal uptake of ATLS/EMST teaching, has resulted in effective early haemorrhage treatment.

Noteworthy, he was also a leading figure in highlighting the challenges of managing multiple injured patients with associated head injuries what he described as a ‘crisis’ in trauma care [3]. He suggested that ‘neurosurgery should step up to the plate and provide coverage for Level I and Level II trauma centres at a reasonable cost, and went as far as to state that ‘If neurosurgery cannot or does not want to provide coverage, they should let other surgeons provide coverage’ [3].

Professor Trunkey also was one of the first clinicians to express his concerns about the omissions of the USA public policy in relation to recreational use of drugs such as heroin, cocaine, methamphetamines, and marijuana and reported a direct link between alcohol or drug use and crime, corruption, violence, and health problems, calling for the need of formulating a workable public policy [4].

Professor Trunkey’s academic record lists 317 publications and 10,118 citations but his only publication in Injury occurred in 2000 and was a comparative study looking at trauma outcomes in Oregon Health Sciences University and Stoke-on-Trent [5]. This paper, co-authored by John Templeton and Peter Oakley amongst others showed that although raw mortalities were different, when casemix was considered there were no significant differences between the centres. This highlighted how important it was to carefully consider casemix in any comparison of trauma outcome.

Don’s early military career was bookended by a role in the First Gulf War 1990–1991 where he served as an advisor to the US Forces in Saudi Arabia. He dealt with a number of operational and cultural obstacles that prompted him to publish a commentary in the March 1993 edition of Archives of Surgery called “Lessons Learned” [6]. This document paved the way for how the U.S. Department of Defence trained its trauma personnel.

Don was a giant on the US trauma stage but also a frequent traveller who spread his knowledge and influence around the world. Apart from his Honorary FRACS and FRCS(Eng) he was also an honorary fellow of the surgical colleges of Ireland, Edinburgh, Glasgow, South Africa and Brazil.

Don was inspirational, enigmatic, friendly and forceful all at the same time. He influenced generations of young doctors, in surgery and in other disciplines, to improve trauma outcomes and contribute to the teaching and delivery of optimal trauma care. At conferences and courses he was an enthusiastic teacher and a challenging mentor. He conveyed the absolute necessity of taking action when time critical injuries were present and was never afraid to do so.

Donald D. Trunkey was a legend in every aspect of the word and the trauma community will be much poorer with his passing. His legacy however, of improved trauma systems, trauma care and trauma outcomes, is very much alive and society as a whole will be grateful for the career long contribution of this trauma giant.

https://www.nattrauma.org/don-trunkey-giant-in-trauma-remembered/
https://www.injuryjournal.com/article/S0020-1383(19)30303-1/fulltext?dgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email

References

  1. West, J.G., Trunkey, D.D., and Lim, R.C. Systems of trauma care: a study of two counties. Arch Surg. 1979; 114: 455–460
  2. Trunkey, Donald D. Trauma. Sci Am. 1983; 249: 28–35
  3. Trunkey, D.D. The emerging crisis in trauma care: a history and definition of the problem. Clin Neurosurg. 2007; 54: 200–205
  4. Trunkey, D.D. and Bonnono, C. A rational approach to formulating public policy on substance abuse. J Trauma Inj Infect Crit Care. 2005; 59: S61–S66
  5. Templeton, J., Oakley, P.A., MacKenzie, G., Cook, A., Brand, D., Mullins, R.J. et al. A comparison of patient characteristics and survival in two trauma centres located in different countries. Injury. 2000;31: 493–501
  6. Trunkey, D. Lessons learned. Arch Surg. 1993; 128: 261–264

A Tribute to Donald D Trunkey by M. Margaret (Peggy) Knudson MD, FACS

To me and to many trauma surgeons around the world, the word “Trunkey” is synonymous  with the word “Trauma”. Most of us completing our residencies in surgery in the 1980s never considered trauma surgery as a career……it was just something you did when you were on call for the emergency room.

When I moved to California after finishing my chief year in surgery at the University of Michigan, my plan was to be a pediatric surgeon. But sometime during my first year of pediatric surgery fellowship at Stanford University, I realized that I didn’t actually like that field and was considering other areas of specialization.

Around that same time, the state of California was beginning to organize trauma systems by county, spurred on by the seminal work of Trunkey, West, and Lim demonstrating the high rate of preventable deaths after injury in areas of the state without trauma systems. (1) I decided to visit the Department of Surgery at the San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH) to scope things out and had the great privilege of meeting with Trunkey in person.

He told me that I belonged in the trauma world and when I asked him how he knew he replied: “I just noticed how your face lit up when you talked about trauma”! And so, I became a trauma surgeon, making frequent trips to San Francisco to learn from the masters at SFGH  while we set up the trauma system in the county of Santa Clara.

Even after Dr. Trunkey moved to the University of Oregon to assume the position of Chair of the Department, he continued to mentor me in both my clinical and my academic endeavors. In 1989, I was offered a position at SFGH under the leadership of Dr. Frank Lewis, only the second woman to be on their faculty after Dr. Muriel Steele. 

Shortly thereafter, Dr. Trunkey and  I, along with  Colonel Don Jenkins (US Air Force, ret.) traveled to Australia where we taught numerous trauma courses from Melbourne to Sydney. Of course, with Trunkey there was always fun mixed in with work. One day, we traveled to the Blue Mountains, the home of many fine Australian wineries.

We stopped at numerous tasting rooms and at every stop Dr. Trunkey would pull out his credit card and join their wine club so that he could have a continuous supply of Australian wine shipped to his home in Portland. But international travel can wreak havoc on your time zones and one morning during a teaching conference in Liverpool (AU) we were both in need of caffeine. We found ourselves in the kitchen of the hospital but no one was there. I decided to brew coffee and must have hit the start button too many times because not only did we fill the first carafe but also the entire floor with coffee! I was mortified of course, but Trunkey just looked at me and responded with his well-known laugh.  I don’t think the kitchen staff ever did figure out who spilled all that coffee!

In 2006, we initiated the Senior Visiting Surgeons Program that allowed non-military surgeons to work as volunteers at the Landstuhl Regional Medical Center (LRMC) in Germany. Landstuhl became the evacuation hospital for all wounded US troops from Afghanistan and Iraq.

Dr. Trunkey (Col, US Army, ret) was a frequent visitor to LRMC, mentoring young military surgeons in the ICU and operating room, caring for the injured, and assuring that LRMC would pass their inspection by the American College of Surgeons/Committee on Trauma Verification Review Committee (VRC)  (a committee he helped to found while he was the COT Chair) to become a level 1 trauma center. (2,3) (See also attached Photos)

I think my very favorite story about Dr. Trunkey occurred in Hawaii. We were both asked to speak at the Hawaiian Trauma Conference and at the conclusion were heading to a traditional Hawaiian luau. We invited Don to my cousin’s home in Oahu and offered to drive him to the party. When the doorbell rang my young twin daughters answered it and then ran to me saying: “Mom there is this really big man out there in a grass skirt”!. Yes, I said, that in a nutshell is Dr. Trunkey.

In many ways, Dr. Trunkey was my professional father. Even my own father (an engineer) knew his name and how important he was to me in my career and to the world of trauma. To me, Trunkey was larger than life and his death (like my own dad’s) leaves a void that will never be filled.

M. Margaret (Peggy) Knudson MD, FACS

Professor of Surgery, University of California San Francisco

Medical Director, Military Health System Strategic Partnership, American College of Surgeons

References

  1. West JG, Trunkey DD, Lim RC: Systems of Trauma Care: A Study of Two Counties. Arch Surg 1979;114:455-460.
  2. Moore EE, Knudson, MM, Schwab CW, Trunkey DD, Johannigman JA, Holcomb JB: Military-civilian collaboration in trauma care and the Senior Visiting Surgeon program. NEJM 2007, Dec 27;357:2723-7.
  3. Knudson MM, Mitchell FL, Johannigman JA: First trauma VRC site visit outside the US: Landstuhl Regional Medical Center (Germany). Bull Am Coll Surg 2007;92:16-19.

Legends for Figures

Figure 1: Dr. Trunkey helping to load an injured soldier onto the bus at Landstuhl for his trip to Ramstein Air Base and the beginning of his journey home.

Figure 2: The COT  Verification Review Committee at Landstuhl Germany. 

Changing hearts and minds by Robert C. Mackersie, M.D., FACS

My first encounter with Don Trunkey was as an impressionable 4th year medical student, doing an externship on the trauma service in the fall of 1977.  I had spent some time at SFGH previously doing computer programming for Frank Lewis and was beginning to understand that these trauma surgeons (Blaisdell, Trunkey, Lewis, Sheldon, et. al.) were not only impressively smart; could work wonders with their hands (and intellect), but seemingly had great fun at the same time. 

Trunkey epitomized it all – with a command of surgery (and medicine); a lightening-quick wit; and an ability to inspire.  And it didn’t stop there.  When I happened to identified a tune Dr. Trunkey was whistling one day on rounds (Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini), he immediately replied:  “Yeah, and now tell me who Paganini was…”.   Gulp.  

However, I was hooked.  I was fortunate enough to be able to return to UCSF for residency during which Dr. Trunkey was the Chief of Surgery at SFGH.  Already an imposing figure, Trunkey became larger than life.  Striding around in his colored OR hat and white bucks for OR shoes, he was clearly in command of his realm.  Trunkey was a television star (Operation Lifeline, 1978); he was a bon-vivant (rushing back to the hospital OR one time in black tie), he was a wine-maker – I still have a bottle of Trunkey/Deveny/Upshaw Pinot Noir in my cellar – hopefully it doesn’t “taste like socks” (Trunkey’s opinion of one of his early vintages).  

Don Trunkey was internationally famous – in fact he travelled so much, the surgery residents laughingly posted a sign on his office door that read:  “TWA Visiting Professor of Surgery”.   His travel (and writings/lecturing) made him one of the most recognized figures in American surgery – and it wasn’t limited to purely medical settings.  Many years later, when I happened to be with a surgical group visiting Sydney, Australia, we dined at a place named Doyles on the Beach.  There the restaurant maitre’d was heard to remark:  “American surgeons ay?   Do you know a guy named Trunkey?” 

Trunkey wrote prolifically – on many topics including shock, sepsis, intestinal injury and resuscitation.  He used to remind us that crystalloid fluids were toxic and more than once I remember the senior residents being accused (by DDT) of “salt water drowning” by an overly aggressive crystalloid resuscitation of a patient in shock.  Of course we know recognize that Don was absolutely correct and that crystalloid solutions contributed to immune suppression, coagulopathy, and abdominal compartment syndrome among other things.   

His most notable efforts at changing hearts and minds were probably in the area of trauma center and trauma systems development.  With his charisma and energy, he made a superb spokesman.  Two of his most memorable articles were “Systems of trauma care.  A study of two counties” that he wrote with John West from Orange county in 1979, documenting the (staggeringly) high percentage of preventable deaths that could occur in the absence of an organized trauma center/system.  These concepts were further reinforced in a piece he wrote in Scientific American (1983) where he became one of the first to remind us that trauma accounted (and still accounts) for more productive years of life lost than heart disease and cancer combined.  

As a surgical educator, Dr. Trunkey was a blast to work with.  He was always the master of the ‘pimp’ question, yet held forth with such persistent good humor that one never minded being skewered.  He could be very direct – reserving use of the term “clean kill” for only the most egregious transgressions, but while appropriately critical of residents’ management, he was never, ever mean – a characteristic of his – unusual for the day, that I always admired.    He used to give an introductory lecture to 1st year medical students in the middle of which an agitated person would burst into the lecture hall exclaiming:  “Dr. Trunkey, Dr. Trunkey, there’s been a horrible accident – someone has been hit by a bus in front of the hospital!!”  Following this, the “victim” (a perfectly healthy, uninjured volunteer, in full moulage) would be brought to the front of the room and a number of students called up to help with the “resuscitation”.  It was wonderful theater and made for an experience that the students (and ‘assistants’) would never forget. 

He could be irreverent at times also – usually hilariously so.   One Saturday morning, during the old Morbidity and Mortality conference, our surgical Chairman, Dr. Paul Ebert (one of the most accomplished pediatric cardiac surgeons in the country) was in the midst of an unusually long-winded explanation of a complicated heart operation.  After going on for many minutes (to the increasing confusion and puzzlement of those listening), Trunkey finally blurted out:  “Oh hell, Paul, just give the kid a new set of gills & throw him back in the water”.  The place erupted in unconstrained laughter, (and even Dr. Ebert may have had a faint smile on his face).

I will remember Don Trunkey as one of the two individuals who most sparked my interested in surgery in general, and trauma surgery specifically.  He did the same for many of his residents and fellows who now occupy important positions in academic & community trauma across the country.   Trunkey was one of a kind – extraordinarily bright, articulate, committed, forceful, and charismatic, but with unwavering good humor and grace, and a clear devotion to and love of what he did.  They don’t make ‘em like this anymore.   Our community has lost one of our icons – a mentor, friend, and role model.  We will remember and honor him best by continuing to work towards the goals that he espoused and try to similarly spark the interest of the next generation of general/trauma surgeons who will carry forward the legacy.  

A Surgeons’ Surgeon by Dr. David B. Hoyt

I first met Dr. Trunkey when he was on a T.V. show on Lifeline in 1978. I was a resident, I was thinking of going into trauma and seeing him being followed around the hospital at San Francisco General and actualize the job, talk about coordination of care to the patient, get after people that weren’t doing their job, and generally be a model of leadership created a distinction that I had not seen in my residency and modeled what I had been thinking about.

Dr. Trunkey was a surgeons’ surgeon. He was big – yet jovial, he was charismatic – yet kind, and he called it like he saw it. He championed things and pushed for things, even when they created controversy. Those of us following in his footsteps saw that as a model for how to implement a program that would challenge the very fabric of health care delivery. His leadership affected hospital-based systems, prehospital care, the American College of Surgeons, and essentially everything he touched. He was certainly no man’s fool but tolerated people whose heart was in the right place in working toward the ultimate goal.

My next encounter with Dr. Trunkey was again when I was a resident, I had decided to go into trauma and ATLS was being offered. We put on a course at the University of California which was led by Norm McSwain and Skip Collicott. Don Trunkey and Frank Lewis came out of the North at San Francisco General, both as leadership icons and participated in our course. Again, rather than as many trauma leaders at the time did, he did not dismiss ATLS but saw it as an opportunity for creating a common language. He threw himself into the course in all respects and we all had a great time getting to know him and following his leadership.

Above all I recall his emblematic commitment to the trauma patient and their care. He led this through his positive influence perhaps more than can be currently measured. He did it with a sense of fun, a sense of purpose, and a devotion to the intellect and history that made things the reason to proceed.  One seldom meets a person who when you mention their name gets the same reaction. For Dr. Turnkey it is immediate respect and a broad smile showing his friendly nature and his ‘never take yourself too seriously’ attitude. America trauma is different, as is trauma around the world because of his major contributions over forty years.

The Best of the Best by Dr. Susan Briggs

Don has been my close friend and mentor for 50 years. I first met Don as a nurse in the Mission Emergency Room, San Francisco General Hospital, while pursing my premedical studies. His commitment to patient care and advocacy for the underserved populations in the city was incredible. He is the reason I, and many others, found trauma surgery such a gratifying pathway in our surgical careers.

He has been a phenomenal mentor to scores of young surgeons throughout the world, both with his enthusiasm for and experience in trauma surgery. He has set the gold standard for excellence in trauma care- both the art and the science of trauma care. He is the ultimate educator, always willing to take time to share his expertise with all levels of medical providers, prehospital and hospital.

He has been a relentless patient advocate. He has never been afraid to confront the ethical challenges of delivering the highest quality of trauma care, such as “the issue of “preventable trauma deaths”. His publications on the many challenging areas of trauma surgery are held in high regard by surgeons worldwide.

Don is the “grandfather “of global surgery, taking his surgical expertise to vulnerable populations throughout the world, both through his role in the US Army Medical Corp and as a consultant to numerous international trauma communities. He loved to travel and share stories, both personal and professional, with his many international friends.

All of us will always cherish our times with Don, and the impact he has had on the trauma careers of so many of his friends and colleagues.

Briggs, Susan,M.D.

Resurrection by Dr. Russell Strong

In 1977, I visited several trauma centres in the USA, with particular reference to management of blunt liver injuries and spent three weeks at the San Francisco General Hospital with Don Trunkey.  It was there that I witnessed a true resurrection. 

On Sunday afternoon 27th November 1977, I was seated in the Emergency Department when a call came through from the Ambulance Service regarding a teenage lad who had received gunshot wounds.  He was walking along a footpath with his girlfriend after attending church, when two young teenagers jumped from behind a bush, grabbed the girl’s handbag and shot her.  He went forward to resist the robbery whereupon he was shot in the lower abdomen and as he fell forward was shot again in the upper abdomen/chest. 

While being transported to the hospital, an intravenous infusion was commenced in his left arm.  An ECG of the patient in the ambulance was shown on a screen in the ED while travelling to the hospital (I had never witnessed this previously) and, as the Ambulance entered the hospital driveway, the ECG went flat, indicating cessation of heart beat. 

He was immediately transferred to an operating table in the ED, while simultaneously being intubated and ventilated and a catheter inserted into his femoral vein and Don opened the chest.  The heart was flaccid and not beating.  He began internal cardiac massage which, together with the rapid intravenous fluid infusion and oxygenation via the endotracheal tube, resulted in filling of the heart and restoration of heart beat and circulation.  There was a through and through bullet wound of the heart which Don repaired, together with splenectomy due to penetration of the spleen by the bullet.  I am a little hazy about the intra-abdominal wound by the first bullet, but believe it was damage to the left iliac vessels which were repaired.

Chatting to the patient and photographing him in bed several days later (photo) made the classification of a “resurrection” to be real.

Don and his wife Jane have been close friends with Judith and myself for over 40 years and we have spent many, many wonderful times together in different parts of the world, which has included our combined love of wines.  After some search, I have found a photograph of us together in formal dress (all the others seemed to have shown us with a wine glass in our hand) and one where Don shows his legs wearing a kilt.

I also enclose a photograph of Don in the Australian outback on one of our trips.  He is throwing a spear with a special device, generally called a spear thrower, which were often used by Aborigines to increase the distance they could be thrown, with an expert thrower (probably not Don) getting two to three times the distance he could throw without using one.  They have a peg at one end where the spear fits in and the thrower holds it by the other end to throw the spear.  The spear thrower instrument is called Woomera.  The town of Woomera in South Australia was the site where Australia was involved with the British in developing rockets and missiles, which seemed to be an appropriate name for the Indigenous weapon.

My Friendship with Jane and Don By Dr. Lew Flint

When I arrived to begin my trauma research fellowship at the University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center in August of 1971, I was assigned to share laboratory space with another trauma fellow. Upon entering the lab, I noticed my new colleague concentrating on the electrical wave forms displayed on the screen of a very complicated piece of machinery. He turned, showed the grin that would become the defining characteristic of his personality, and welcomed me.

Don, my new lab-mate, proceeded to introduce me to all the research team members. I soon met Jane, Kristi and Derek; after my first son was born in February of 1972, Jane became his baby sitter. We had a wonderful professional and personal friendship during that year; fortunately for me, that relationship continued throughout our entire careers.

Don returned to San Francisco General Hospital and I stayed for a second year of research before finishing my training and joining the faculty at the University of Louisville. Don was making major contributions to the knowledge of trauma systems in the late 1970’s and early 1980’s; his advice and guidance were invaluable as I began to develop a trauma system for the state of Kentucky.

I loved watching Don use humor and intelligence to become a surgical leader and to work with him while he became, in my opinion, the foremost academic trauma surgeon of the last half of the 20th and the first two decades of the 21st century.

Most valuable, though, was the personal relationship with Jane and Don. For nearly two decades the “Sun-fun family”, our group of four trauma surgeon couples, vacationed each January on a select Carribean island. We cooked, ate, drank, told tall tales, made up funny names for one another, and laughed constantly. Jane and Don set the tone that guided the Sun-funs. To be able to live that experience was a joy, a privilege, and an honor that I will treasure forever.

Icon in Surgery by Karen Deveney, M.D., F.A.C.S.

Don Trunkey is being honored by the American College of Surgeons (ACS) this month at their annual Clinical Congress as an “Icon in Surgery”, an honor which he richly deserves. Don was the leader among a small cohort of surgeons who played a major role in improving the care of the injured not just in the U.S., but across the world, by advocating for the development of standards of care for trauma patients and defining what specific expertise, resources, and personnel needed to be in place for a hospital to provide optimal care to those patients.

After a rotating internship under Dr. J. Englebert Dunphy at the University of Oregon followed by two years in the U.S. Army in Germany, Dr. Trunkey travelled to the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) to train in surgery, where Dr. Dunphy had assumed the chairmanship. He developed an interest in a career in trauma during his rotations at the San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH), which was then developing a reputation as a leader in the new specialty of trauma surgery under the direction of the skilled and charismatic chief of surgery, Dr. F. William Blaisdell.

Don heeded Dr. Blaisdell’s advice to study with Dr. Tom Shires at Parkland Hospital in Dallas, one of the most prestigious centers for both care of the injured and trauma research. At Parkland, Don learned research techniques for studying cellular mechanisms in shock and fluid resuscitation. He returned to San Francisco and joined the staff at SFGH, continuing his basic research under an NIH Program Project Grant in 1972, at the exact time that Federal recognition of Trauma Centers was beginning. SFGH was one of the first such centers recognized. At that time, however, most injured patients across the U.S. were taken to the nearest hospital for care, without regard for their preparedness to care for traumatic injuries.

The network of young surgeons who had trained at UCSF extended up and down the state of California, and among them was John West, a surgeon in private practice in Orange County who had completed the surgery residency at UCSF in 1973, just two years after Don. John was distressed at what he felt were unnecessary deaths from basic traumatic injuries such as splenic rupture due to delays in recognition and prompt treatment of their condition. He and Don co-authored a landmark study comparing mortality from equivalent injuries in community hospitals to that at SFGH, a well-equipped and well-staffed trauma center. The study demonstrated the superiority of the trauma center in saving lives.

Throughout the U.S. were hospitals such as SFGH that had also demonstrated their expertise in trauma care. Surgeons at these hospitals were the major members of the Committee on Trauma of the ACS, a committee that had been originally formed as the Committee on Fractures in 1922, but formally reorganized as the Committee on Trauma in 1950. At about this time, trauma was being recognized as a major public health issue, with increased highway accidents due to the development of higher speed automobiles and the interstate highway system as well as inner city violence from knife and gunshot wounds.

Don Trunkey had been appointed to the ACS Committee on Trauma where he served as its chair from 1982 – 1986, joining a small group of like-minded “rabble-rousers” to lobby the ACS for designating hospitals according to a system of standards of trauma care, described first in 1976 in a manual called Optimal Hospital Resources for the Injured Patient. It set standards for what resources, personnel, and policies a facility need to have to render ideal care and divided hospitals into Levels I, II, III, or IV based on minimum standards at each level. They also advocated for providers to be taught and tested in a rigorous course, the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) course, now in its 9th edition, but a hard-fought battle for acceptance in its earliest days. Don Trunkey was a key leader in development of all of the elements of effective trauma care. These now well-accepted principles, processes, and programs were not initially so readily embraced by the power structure in American surgery, because they represented radical new ideas in the staid, traditional field of surgery. They were, in a word, disruptive to the status quo.

Don went on to lead the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma as its President in 1986, disseminate trauma systems standards, verification, and ATLS teaching throughout the world.

He also served in the U.S. Army as a reservist since his days on active duty in the early 1960’s, and was deployed to Saudi Arabia during the first Gulf war in 1991, where he served as commander of the U.S. army hospital based in Riyadh. In the aftermath of that experience, he issued a white paper that suggested necessary changes in military combat care to improve outcomes. Again, this report was met with resistance by those in positions of authority, but all of his recommendations have subsequently been adopted : most specifically, for improved pre-combat training of military surgeons for combat and standardized protocols of care, with damage control care near the combat lines and air evacuation as soon as possible to progressively higher levels of care.

Don Trunkey was, more than any other single person, responsible for the development of sophisticated, state-of-the-art trauma programs in the U.S. His promotion of systematic, sound trauma care worldwide has saved countless lives. He has been tireless in his devotion to the cause and is a larger-than-life figure to all who know and love him. He is the perfect individual for the ACS to honor as an Icon in Surgery.

Karen Deveney, M.D., F.A.C.S.

The above remarks are drawn from both personal recollection as well as from the excellent account contained in the book, The History of the Surgical Service at San Francisco General Hospital authored by Drs. William Schecter, Robert Lim, George Sheldon, Norman Christensen, and F. William Blaisdell.

Influential Champion for Optimal Care of Injured Patients by Richard J Mullins

Dr. Donald Trunkey’s skill, judgment and indefatigable determination as a trauma surgeon has saved the lives of thousands of patients. In addition, his leadership in the development of trauma systems has saved the lives of millions around the world. In the late 1960s Don was trained as a trauma surgeon at San Francisco General Hospital, a busy urban trauma center. Don recognized that a reason for the success of San Francisco General Hospital was that a surgical team capable of managing a wide range of injuries was always available in the hospital and ready to respond immediately when an ambulance delivered an injured patient to the emergency department.

The team approach was essential to prevent immediate death in injured patients from obstructed airway, impaired breathing and shock. As Don Trunkey pointed out in his manuscript Trauma published in Scientific American (1983; Vol. 249:28-35) a coordinated team was able to establish quickly a list of the patient’s injuries, and with prompt treatment prevent death during the “golden hour” following injury. The foundation of Don Trunkey’s advocacy for trauma systems was based upon lessons he had learned in the care of individual injured patients.

Don Trunkey has been a prolific scholar. He has written over 100 manuscripts and book chapters in which he described the optimal treatment of a wide range of specific traumatic injuries. Additionally, Don Trunkey has authored over forty manuscripts that examined the influence of implementation of trauma systems of the survival of injured patients. His influential scholarship in support of trauma systems are evidence of his strategic vision regarding optimal health care.

A seminal paper published by Don Trunkey with co-authors John West and Robert Lim entitled: Systems of trauma care. A study of two counties (Arch Surg. 1979 Apr;114(4):455-60.) had an enduring influence. The authors studied the patients who died of injury in Orange County, California, which did not have a trauma system, and patients who died of injury in San Francisco, California, which did have a trauma system. These authors determined that in Orange County many injured patients died preventable deaths, while it was a rare event in San Francisco. This study was used to convince the Orange County government officials to implement a trauma system.

After the trauma system was established, and injured patients were taken to designated trauma centers, the outcome study was then repeated; preventable deaths had declined substantially in Orange County. This classic paper has been praised as a model of a process that could bring about implementation of a trauma system. The West, Trunkey and Lim study of preventable deaths in injured patients was duplicated by researchers around the United States who made similar observations of high rates of death among seriously injured patients treated in a hospital that is not a trauma center. These preventable death rates became the incentive for implementation of multiple other trauma systems.

Don Trunkey has been an influential leader in Academic surgical organizations around the world. From the leadership podiums of these organizations Don Trunkey advocated for these organizations to make optimal trauma care of injured patients a priority. His influence on public understanding of medical issues has been enhanced by his persuasive style of presentation and articulate speeches. On one occasion he was featured on a documentary television show (Operation Lifeline. 1978-79) demonstrating the fulltime commitment that surgeons needed to make to treat seriously traumatized patients in those first critical minutes following injury.

In the time period 1978 to 1985 Don Trunkey was an active participant and then leader of the Committee on Trauma of the American College of Surgeons. Don Trunkey described that he and his colleagues on the Committee were “busy trauma surgeons, and we wanted to change the care of trauma patients in the United States.” Don worked with the other members of the Committee on Trauma to establish programs that delivered enduring improvements to the care of injured patients. These programs include the Advanced Trauma Life Support course that has subsequently achieved worldwide distribution.

The Committee members published a book that described what trauma centers needed to provide optimal care-i.e. Resources for Optimal Care of Injured Patients. During Dr Trunkey’s leadership of the Committee on Trauma that organization established a program that verified hospitals had the resources needed to function as trauma centers. There were critics of the process to provide oversight of trauma centers. Undeterred, Don persisted as a candid advocate for having seriously injured patients treated in trauma centers where an experienced team was continually ready.

During his military service also called for optimal of casualties of war.
From 1962 to 1964 Captain Don Trunkey, US Army Medical Corps, Reserves, served in Germany as a general medical officer. He returned to a military in service 1985. He was 48 years old, Professor and Chair of Surgery at Oregon Health & Sciences University and decided to apply for a commission as a surgeon the US Army reserves, explaining that he was “concerned there were not enough surgeons in the Army”. He would later say his only regret was that he did not return to the Army reserves sooner.

Colonel Trunkey and his hospital unit was called to duty for Desert Shield and Desert Storm in the fall of 1990. His military hospital was in Riyad, Saudi Arabia and treated injured form the SCUD missile attacks, and wounded soldiers evacuated from the battlefield. At the end of what was a brief war, when others were proclaiming success with a low death rates, Colonel Trunkey wrote an after-action report that was critical of several aspects of the Army Medical Corps response to casualties. He provided several recommendations for how the care of casualty could be improved.

One enduring influence of Colonel Trunkey on the care of casualties of war was implementation of training programs in busy civilian trauma centers where military surgeons could acquire experience in the care of seriously injured patients. Multiple training programs were implemented and substantially improved the care provided to wounded soldiers, sailors and Marines during the war on terror following September 11, 2001 attack.

Thousands of surgeons have met Don Trunkey and been inspired by his wisdom and dedication to the care of injured patient. Many young surgeons have vivid memories of Professor Trunkey taking an interest in their work. His ability to inspire surgeons has meant that Don Trunkey will have an enduring influence on the optimal care of injured patients long after his retirement through the work of subsequent trauma surgeons who perpetuate his commitment to the optimal care of injured patients.
October 8, 2018
Richard J Mullins, MD, FACS.

The Don Trunkey Years at San Francisco General Hospital by Karen Deveney

Don Trunkey spent 14 years on the faculty at San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH), the last 8 as the chief of surgery. He was an outspoken, confident, and decisive leader beloved by the staff, faculty, residents, students, and patients because of his warmth, self-deprecating humor, fairness, obvious regard for the opinions of others, and courageous stance to defend “doing the right thing”. He never hesitated to take what he felt was the right and necessary step to improve patient care, even if it was politically unpopular or raised the hackles of someone in power who had a secondary agenda to maintain the status quo or simply save money at the expense of the largely poor or minority patients who relied on SFGH for their care.

After he had completed his surgical residency at the University of California, San Francisco, he spent one year with Dr. Tom Shires at Parkland Memorial Hospital in Dallas doing trauma research on cellular function in shock, then returned to join the faculty at SFGH in 1972. At that time the chief of surgery at SFGH was Dr. F. William Blaisdell, who had been a mentor of Don’s when he was a resident and had played a large role in influencing him to follow his footsteps as a trauma surgeon.

Don established his academic research at SFGH on the pathophysiology of shock under an NIH grant and published extensively on the subject, while focusing his clinical activities on trauma and burns. He had learned a great deal about burn treatment while in Dallas, where the Parkland Burn Center was already established as a national model for care of the burn patient. At SFGH at that time, burn patients were admitted to any surgical bed that was open, not ideal for prevention of infection and management of the patients’ sometimes extensive wounds. They lacked, for example, a (hydration tank) or dedicated procedure room for dressing changes. Don wanted to establish a dedicated burn unit, which Dr. Blaisdell agreed would be a worthwhile and important step in improving their care. Unfortunately, Don discovered that the hospital director was opposed to the idea of a separate burn unit for financial reasons.

Dr. Trunkey nevertheless pressed on, identified some empty ward space, recruited nurses for the unit, found an old bathtub to use, and invited the mayor of San Francisco, Joseph Alioto, to dedicate the “Alioto Burn Center.” Dr. Blaisdell invited the famous chair of surgery at Louisville, Dr. Hiram Polk, to give a talk at the dedication ceremony. City dignitaries were invited. Only on the day of its opening did the hospital director find out about it, but it was already a fait accompli, lauded by the mayor and Director of Public Health, who had found funding for it!

When Dr. Blaisdell left San Francisco in 1978 to assume the chair of surgery at the University of California, Davis, Dr. Trunkey was appointed chief of surgery at SFGH. He served in that capacity for 8 years, until becoming the chair of surgery at the Oregon Health and Science University in 1986. Although he was only 41 when he became the chair of surgery at SFGH, he had already achieved international stature as a trauma surgeon due to his research, his publications, and his larger-than-life persona. Just the year before, he had co-authored a landmark study that demonstrated the superior outcomes of injured patients who were cared for in a trauma center rather than a private community hospital without special expertise in trauma. He became chief just as a property-tax limitation measure, Proposition 13, had been passed in California that severely decreased the funding available for public services, such as supporting a city/county hospital for the poor. Fortunately, SFGH had by then gathered such high regard as THE place to go if you were injured, that it was able to survive as an institution. Its survival was in no small way due to the skill, personality, and great accomplishments of its leader.

Over the next 8 years he solidified the importance of organized systems of care in achieving good outcomes for the injured patient. He and a small cadre of his contemporaries on the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (COT) established the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) system as a mandatory aspect of trauma care and developed a system of certification and verification of hospitals’ ability to manage trauma patients. He served as chair of the COT from 1982 to 1986. He became a director of the American Board of Surgery, President of the Society of University Surgeons, and President of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma.

Although Dr. Trunkey was required by his many national roles and his growing international fame to travel from San Francisco frequently, he assembled a distinguished and highly capable cadre of surgeons at SFGH, each of whom had gained expertise in the broad range of surgical and medical skills needed to provide the highest level of care for the most critically injured and ill of our society. He continued the research program begun under Dr. Blaisdell’s leadership, but expanded it to include more clinical and collaborative research. He developed the Trauma Foundation as a major force in trauma prevention.

By the time Dr. Trunkey left San Francisco for his position in Oregon, SFGH had been firmly established as one of the nation’s foremost trauma centers and its existence was secure. He left an indelible mark on the institution.

Karen Deveney, M.D., F.A.C.S.

The above remarks are drawn from both personal recollection as well as from the excellent account contained in the book, The History of the Surgical Service at San Francisco General Hospital authored by Drs. William Schecter, Robert Lim, George Sheldon, Norman Christensen, and F. William Blaisdell.

San Francisco Good Bye Roast – My Dad is a BIG DEAL

My Dad has really always been impressive to me.  Growing up, he seemed to always be a little stronger, faster, and smarter at everything than me (and most other people too).  He was an incredible athlete (I think he played 3 sports in high school and basket ball at WSU) and could beat me at everything, even ping pong which I played a lot as a kid.  I once saw him throw a grown man over his shoulder out of a raft into the river in a water fight with only one hand on his life jacket. He has close to a photographic memory.  He read about a book a week — usually history — and would remember most of it.  He knew many constellations and individual stars that I just couldn’t retain the same way.

But it took me awhile to realize that he was a really big deal in the world of medicine.  I noticed the respect that the other doctors, residents, and nurses had for him on the rare occasion when I visited at work.  He was occasionally in the news paper and in 1978 he stared in an episode of Lifeline.  That was amazing, but it was more about how he saved individual lives.  My Dad’s true superpower was changing policy to save people by the thousands.  He has a no-nonsense honesty and sincerity that either inspires or offends.  He challenged the status quo and stepped on a lot of toes. He was hard to please but sincere in his praise when he gave it.  I hope to have other doctors write more about his effect on policy as they know the details better than I do.

One of the biggest examples of when I realized what a big deal he is, was at the party in 1986 that the hospital threw for my dad when he moved to Oregon.  I heard many incredible stories that night about my dad.  The main roast was by the mayor or former mayor and he had the audience roaring.  I wish I had it all on video but I don’t.  Please share your stories below if you were there.

One story was about how he opened the burn unit while the hospital administrator was out of town.  He invited the Mayor and the media so that it would be awkward to close right away.  This part is captured in the newspaper article below.  I also heard stories about the Moscone-Milk shootings, my dad threatening to fire doctors that wouldn’t treat AIDS patients, a patient with an arrow in his backside, a mugging victim shot in the heart in the alley behind the hospital (he lived), and numerous other amazing medical feats.

To view the article: right click and save image to computer, then zoom in.  Apparently, the big paper in The tech city is not yet digitized.

Good bye roast from San Francisco

My Dad

My father is Don Trunkey.  He was a renowned trauma surgeon and is finally retired to Idaho.  This web site will be about his life and achievements.

Basic Biography from OHSU:

Donald Dean Trunkey was born, raised, and educated in the state of Washington. He graduated with an M.D. from University of Washington in 1963 in the hope of becoming a General Practitioner. He interned under J. Englebert Dunphy at the University of Oregon Medical School, who became his mentor and turned his focus to surgery. When Trunkey was drafted into the Army, Dunphy went to San Francisco to begin one of the first trauma centers. He brought Trunkey in to join him after his service, and also got him a surgical Fellowship in Texas. On his return Trunkey rose to become chief of surgery for San Francisco General Hospital for 8 years. He then came back to Oregon to build a trauma system as Dept. Chairman over the next 15 years. An important interlude saw him as chief of surgery in an army hospital in Saudi Arabia during Desert Storm. After the chairmanship he returned to teaching and lecturing on a global scale as a Professor and Professor Emeritus.

His varied experiences influenced his thoughts and actions on trauma care. In the Army rampant alcoholism led him to institute A.A. programs. In San Francisco the drug wars of the ‘60s made him both an expert in gunshot wounds, and an advocate for controversial measures like gun control and drug legalization. Work with traffic accident victims led him to lobby for seat-belt and helmet laws. Likewise, exposure to the Texas Burn Unit not only led him to replicate one in San Francisco, but also to research fire-retardant clothing and self-extinguishing cigarettes. His wartime service likewise gave him an up-close look at the current state and problems of combat medicine.

Trunkey’s decades-long involvement with trauma and trauma systems led to new surgical protocols of both invasive and non-operative types; the authorship of hundreds of articles and book chapters; the delivery of innumerable lectures; and participation in over 30 professional organizations.